Home optics coatings catalog about us contact us nwo. Wave optics, also referred to as physical optics, is the branch of optics that enables important phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization to be understood. Take a 2meter length or so of optical fiberpreferably a largediameter plastic optical fiberand make perpendicular cuts at both the ends. Electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic spectrum and photons opens a modal. A collection of electronic material related to the text is available atoptics.
Wave properties in general there are two types of waves. Aberration not included in final exam, supplement pedrotti chapter 20, and for your study only very few optical systems give images that are free from all defects. This curriculum was developed for a seniorlevel optics course at brigham young university. To register online physics tuitions on to clear your doubts from our expert teachers and solve the problems easily to score more marks in your cbse. Download the collection of questions asked in previous cbse board exams from the chapter wave optics. Which of the following is the correct formula for focal point calculation. Use the lensmakers equation to determine the focal length of a thin lens. Wave optics class 12 physics india science khan academy. The factor in brackets in equation 41 defines the phase angle.
This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 6068 times. Optics notes topics in these notes are wave properties. As a consequence of this, light traveling through different media will be shifted in relative phase leading to some interesting phenomena. Fermats principle light propagating between two points follows a path, or paths, for which the time taken is an extremum minimum ignoring the wave nature of light basic theory for optical instruments geometrical optics revision.
Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 10 wave optics. Something must be vibrating oscillating in order to create a wave. He envisioned a wave crest advancing by imagining each point along the wave crest to be source point for small, circular, expanding wavelets, which. Figure 28 illustrates a plane wave propagating along the x axis, which means that the wave fronts are parallel to the yz plane. First up, some conventions used when people diagram light and lenses. It explained the laws of reflection and refraction of light at an interface. Fourier optics and its applications in optical image processing are then discussed. Apr 11, 2020 chapter notes wave optics, class 12, physics class 12 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 12. With 272 selected problems and answers, this study aid is a powerful supplement to the study of wave optics. Wave optics lecture about the principles of wave optics. They can reflect, refract bend, and interfere with each other.
It is our hope that this book will stimulate the readers general interest in optics as well as provide them with an essential background in acousto optics and electro optics. Here are some wave formulas that are useful when youre working with optics. Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p download book. Glenn boreman, university of north carolina at charlotte a complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume. All of geometric optics can be based on fermats principle.
Physical optics lecture notes pdf 44p this note covers the following topics. Pdf this book was devoted to a discussion and study. Damped oscillations when the object is allowed to oscillate in air it takes a long time to stop, and the amplitude decreases very slowly. Free pdf download of physics class 12 chapter 10 wave optics formulas prepared by expert teachers at. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. Then you come to the chapter on wave optics, and you are told that light travels as a wave, that it can bend around objects, it can diffract and interfere, etc.
The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. In optics, typically consider simplified solution to a 1d wave equation. To explain some phenomena, such as interference and diffraction of light, it is necessary to go beyond geometrical optics. He envisioned a wave crest advancing by imagining each point along the wave crest to be source point for small, circular, expanding wavelets, which expand with the speed of the wave. It is our hope that this book will stimulate the readers general interest in optics as well as provide them with an essential background in acoustooptics and electrooptics. The speed v of a wave is given by v t o where is the wavelength of the wave and t 1 is the period of oscillation. Light waves that is, electromagnetic waves behave like other waves. Physical optics interference diffraction theory scalar fourier theory 2. Prepare the wave optics chapter by using new and important formulae.
In our discussions of geometric optics we completely ignored the fact that light can also behave as an electromagnetic wave. Give a quick but attentive glance to the important topics and formulae from the section optics. Chapter notes wave optics, class 12, physics class 12 notes. Revision of geometrical optics propagation of waves. Class 12 physics notes on wave optics containing top concepts like wave optics, huygens principle, superposition principle, youngs double slit experiment, diffraction, polarization etc. The light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks. A ray of light is incident from air to glass of refractive index n and is found to be nearly plane polarised after reflection. It includes the basics of lens diagrams, the refractive index, prisms, spherical lenses, cylindrical lenses, lens form, transposition, base curves, and vertex distance. Wave theory of light by huygens, fresnel, young, etc in geometric optics we learnt light is a stream of straightgoing particles newton proposed that first then we learnt light is a form of em wave. Relation between refractive indices according to snells law by snells law 4. Here v 1 and v 2 are the speed of light in media 1 and 2 with refractive index pp 12 and respectively. A wave front is the locus of points having the same phase of oscillation. This exponential relationship is given in the formula.
Rays are the lines perpendicular to the wavefront, which show the direction of propagation of energy. Light is a form of energy which generally gives the sensation of sight. This post covers my notes from chapters 1214 in the system for opthalmic dispensing. The wave packet picture of photons introduced in section 5 of chapter 19 is compatible with treating light as a collection of particlelike photons that follow the rules of geometric optics only as long as the. Important topics and formulae in ray optics and wave. The book can be used for a general text book for opticsoptical engineering classes as well as acoustooptics and electrooptics classes for advanced students. The interference of light waves produces the colors reflected from a cd, the iridescence of bird feathers, and the technology underlying supermarket checkout scanners and optical computers. Waves optics equations and formulas in pdf math tables. When two waves of exactly same frequency coming from two coherent sources travels in a medium, in the same direction simultaneously then due to their superposition, at some points intensity of light is maximum while at some other points intensity is minimum.
The frequency remains the same as light travels from one medium to another. Wiley series in pure and applied optics founded by stanley s. Before coming to lab, read the lab handout and all course required reading in giancoli through chapter 25. Workshop tutorials for biological and environmental physics wr1b.
Wavefront of a wave, at any instant, is defined as the locus of all the particles in the medium which are being disturbed at the same instant of time and are in the same phase of vibration. Looking for a deeper understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation. A upright, magnified and real b upright, the same size and virtual c inverted, demagnified and real d inverted, magnified and virtual. The importance of focal lengths is their use in geometrical optics which will be disussed in the next section. Then answer the bold numbered questions that appear throughout this lab handout. Demonstration of light guidance through optical fibers. Longitudal waves are those in which the displacement of the mediumor eld is in the direction of the wave. Cbse class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics formula free pdf download. When an object is placed in front of a plane mirror the image is. But we had learnt all waves have common characteristic properties such as. The book can be used for a general text book for optics optical engineering classes as well as acousto optics and electro optics classes for advanced students.
Optics notes massachusetts institute of technology. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 10 wave optics wave optics describes the connection between waves and rays of light. Spherical lens numerical, microscope, telescope, ray diagrams, snells law, image formationmore. It exposes students to specific precise topics which are generally asked in the exam and also includes various iit questions form wave optics. In geometrical optics, we formulate the propagation of light rays in terms of matrices, whereas in wave optics we formulate wave propagation using the fresnel diffraction formula, which is the solution to maxwells equations. Wave optics lecture about the principles of wave optics by n.
Derivation of the onedimensional wave equation for a string x x y ux, t. Ray optics is based on rectilinear propagation of light, and deals with mirrors, lenses, reflection, refraction, etc. Learn about some of the mysterious properties of light in these tutorials. The electric e and magnetic m fields are perpendicular to each other and to the propagation vector k, as shown. Bungy jumping is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing clientele of. Important topics and formulae in ray optics and wave optics. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. You can determine the wave frequency and period, predict how fast light travels in various materials, and determine how light. Optics benjamin crowell book 5 in the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks optics. The text material in this section, through example 1, is. Cbse class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics formula.
Chapter notes wave optics, class 12, physics class 12. Analysis of light interferometers diffraction gratings michelson fourier transform fabryperot 3. Home optics coatings catalog about us contact us new wave optics. Optics benjamin crowell book 5 in the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks. The lrc wishes to thank optical research associates for funding this. You can determine the wave frequency and period, predict how fast light travels in various materials, and determine how light will bend in lenses and bounce off mirrors. Pedrotti cord waco, texas in module, basic geometrical optics, we made use of light rays to demonstrate reflection and refraction of light and the imaging of light with mirrors and lenses. In this module, we shift the emphasis from light rays to light wavesfrom geometrical optics to physical optics. The phenomenon of change in the path of light when it passes from one medium to another. Dear students, having just a couple of days left for examination, we believe that your preparation must be at its peak. Need a resource of practice problems to hone your skills. For our purposes, in understanding how optical instruments work, the wave theory of light.
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